Module 2: Understanding Cancer Metastasis
A deep dive into the complex process of cancer metastasis, from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications and therapeutic strategies.
Organ-Specific Metastasis: The Seed and Soil Principle
Understanding why different cancers prefer specific metastatic sites
Why Don't All Cancers Metastasize Everywhere?
In 1889, Stephen Paget observed that breast cancer metastases were not randomly distributed throughout the body but showed clear preferences for certain organs. He proposed the "seed and soil" hypothesis: cancer cells (the "seed") can only successfully grow in compatible organ environments (the "soil").
This fundamental principle explains the predictable patterns of metastatic spread we observe clinically and has profound implications for surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Explore Metastatic Patterns by Cancer Type
Breast Cancer
Bone metastases: 2-3 years median survival
Lung Cancer
Brain metastases: 4-6 months median survival
Colorectal Cancer
Liver metastases: 6-20 months median survival
Prostate Cancer
Bone metastases: 1-3 years median survival
Melanoma
Brain metastases: 4-5 months median survival
Select a cancer type to see its metastatic pattern
Paget's "Seed and Soil" Hypothesis in Action
Clinical Implications
Surveillance Strategies
- Targeted imaging of high-risk organs
- Biomarker monitoring for specific sites
- Risk-stratified follow-up protocols
Therapeutic Approaches
- Site-specific prevention strategies
- Organ-targeted drug delivery
- Microenvironment modification